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Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., affecting both men and women. Every year, more than 140,000 Americans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and more than 50,000 people die from it.

March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, which makes it the perfect time to put a spotlight on the benefits of the preventative colorectal cancer screening—the colonoscopy.

What is a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a safe, effective procedure that visually examines the lining of the colon and rectum using a long, flexible, tubular instrument attached to a camera and video monitor. It is used to diagnose colon and rectal problems, perform biopsies and remove colorectal polyps. The procedure usually takes less than an hour. Patients are typically sedated for this procedure, so they will be asleep and comfortable during the colonoscopy.

Who should have a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy might be recommended to those who have a change in bowel habits or bleeding. Those at average risk of colorectal cancer should receive their first screening at 45. However, a doctor may recommend those who have family history or concerning symptoms undergo screening before age 45. Colonoscopies should be repeated every 10 years for those at average risk for colon cancer, or every five years for those with a history of polyps or a family history of colon cancer.

How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?

Prepping for a colonoscopy is said to be more of a challenge than the actual test. Prepping requires that the colon is completely cleaned out of stool. A clean colon gives the doctor conducting the colonoscopy a clear view of the intestinal wall. Before the exam, your doctor will go over steps for cleansing the patient’s bowel that typically includes a clear liquid diet the day before and taking laxatives or liquid prep the night before to help clear the colon. Patients may also be asked to stop taking medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen or other blood-thinning medicines.

What are the benefits of a colonoscopy?

With a colonoscopy, it’s possible to detect and remove most polyps without abdominal surgery. Colon polyps, if not removed, can turn into cancer. The benefit of a colonoscopy as a screening tool is to remove these polyps, that typically will not be causing any symptoms, before they progress to colon cancer. Many other disorders of the colon may also be identified, including diverticular and inflammatory bowel disease.

An Ochsner gastroenterologist or gastroenterology nurse practitioner can discuss family history and risk factors and order the necessary tests. Schedule an appointment today by visiting Ochsner.org/services/gastroenterology.

— Submitted by Ochsner Health